Humanitarian Aid Logistics in the Disaster Preparedness Phase in Terms of Social and Economic Dimensions of Sustainability

The logistics of humanitarian aid materials in disaster and emergency situations is called Humanitarian Logistics. Disasters are divided into two groups as follows:

1. NATURAL DISASTERS
• Slow Developing Natural Disasters (severe cold, drought, famine, etc.)
• Sudden Natural Disasters (earthquakes, floods, landslides, rock falls, avalanches, storms, tornadoes, volcanoes, forest fires, tsunami, etc.)
2. NON-NATURAL DISASTERS (nuclear, biological, technological, chemical, war, accident, fire, etc.)

Disasters; It is also classified as Climatic, Geological, Biological, Social and Technological Disasters. Different types of disasters will require different disaster logistics studies. For example, logistic studies for Chemical Biological Radiation and Nuclear (CBRN) originated disasters are studies that require a lot of expertise. In this context, first of all, the training of the personnel and the supply of appropriate equipment and materials are required. In terms of efficient use of resources, a common disaster logistics plan should be established that takes into account different types of disasters. The disaster logistics plan should be in a hierarchical structure as country, region, province, district, neighborhood and building/facility, its integration with each other should be ensured and it should be tested with simulation studies. It is also important that trainings and exercises are carried out within the framework of the tested plans. The earthquake is a type of sudden geological natural disaster.

What is important in humanitarian aid logistics;
• The Right Material,
• To the Right Person,
• Right Amount,
• Right Quality,
• At the Right Time and
• In The Right Place
can deliver. The term “Correct Cost”, which is in the seven lines of logistics, is not particularly relevant in humanitarian aid logistics applied in the event of a disaster. Humanitarian Aid Logistics; disaster management should be implemented in parallel with the preparation (pre-disaster), response (disaster sequence), recovery and reconstruction (post-disaster) stages. The activities that need to be carried out in the phase of Disaster Preparedness within the scope of humanitarian aid logistics are listed below.

• Disasters and emergencies are diverse. In this framework, the risks and their severity that constitute the values to be lost according to the probability of danger on the basis of country, region, city and district should be calculated on the basis of dynamic scenarios, and uncertainties should be made as specific as possible.
• Relief materials (search-rescue, shelter, nutrition, health, etc.) should be standardized as much as possible, supply sources, supply methods and durations should be determined.
• Realization of disaster logistics from a supply chain perspective, creation of a pull-based supply chain (supply network) as much as possible in a way to ensure the distribution of relief materials at the required point, at the required time and amount through temporary distribution centers close to the points of need, quickly determining the actual need and supplying it from the appropriate supply sources, It is necessary to determine which material will be fed to the regions from which warehouse in which order. These storage locations must be determined in advance in the most appropriate way for all possible disaster types in the country. The durability and usability of materials, especially health and food products, in these warehouses must be constantly checked.
• It is necessary to determine the location, characteristics (physical conditions) and sizes of the warehouses according to the characteristics and quantities of the aid materials that will be needed with a mathematical model, and care should be taken to ensure that the warehouses are in places that will not be affected by the disaster and that the response speed to the disaster will be at the highest level.
• to the disaster area; there should be no complications caused by everyone sending all kinds of help. Your aids; first of all, a donation and resource management system should be established for collecting, sorting and sending in certain warehouses in a certain order according to the needs. The collection, sorting, inspection, storage, transportation and distribution of foreign and domestic aid in kind after a disaster is a process that needs to be well planned. This process needs a centralized management. Doing this work on the basis of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and individuals unaware of each other will cause the aid materials to be found extra in some distribution places, and in some places they will not be at all, it will hinder the storage, distribution, loading-unloading works, maybe there will be no place to be stored. Therefore, relief materials must be collected on a provincial and district basis, inspected at the point of collection, sorted, labeled, entered into a stock control system that can be seen from the center, the demands of disaster areas must be processed into this system, and transportation and distribution must be carried out with a rapid planning. Therefore, a multi-location inventory management system with highly dynamic, risk-based demand planning features.
software is needed. This software must be supported by automatic data collection systems.
• The preservation and distribution of aid materials in the disaster area is another important point. It is necessary to determine the unloading and storage places of the materials arriving before the disaster, to determine the distribution points and system (central and decentralized), to give materials to those in real need, and to avoid repeated distribution. Some of the materials are dangerous (flammable, combustible and explosive) materials and some materials are within the scope of the cold chain (frosty, cold and cool). Therefore, warehouse diversification or the storage of different materials in the same warehouse are issues that need to be decided.
• According to the characteristics of the region, the road, rail, air and seaway options should be created in a way to back up each other, the use of special-purpose transportation vehicles (such as helicopters) depending on the situation, the monitoring of operations, vehicles, containers and durable consumer goods, and taking quick measures in case of unforeseen developments. Common communication standards, common help requirement portal, geographic information systems and wireless information technologies should be used as much as possible, and the problems in this chain should be resolved first.
• The integration of the early warning system with the logistics system should be ensured.
• Evacuation of disaster victims is a logistical process in itself. At this point, it is necessary to take the preferences of the victims about where they will gather, the point where they will be evacuated, the personnel to be assigned in the evacuation should be determined, these personnel should preferably be from other provinces, where the victims will be brought together with the evacuation personnel, to which provinces by which vehicles the victims will be transported, and temporary resettlement in these provinces should be planned.
• Security should be ensured in the damaged areas with warehouses and transportations, taking into account the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the region.
• Effective use of manpower and infrastructure resources in the region and outside the region, ensuring communication and coordination, with an accredited organization according to the activities to be carried out. It is necessary to establish logistics teams and expert logistics teams, to develop a management system for receiving support from the logistics sector according to their expertise (cold chain, food, waste, rubble, micro distribution, etc.), and to ensure coordination between logistics teams.
• The logistics villages/centers being established should be designed and licensed in terms of Humanitarian Aid Logistics, and a disaster logistics infrastructure should be established within these centers.
• Shelter, Garbage Collection, Disinfection, etc. standards should be determined according to the characteristics of the region.
• All statistical data regarding disaster logistics should be collected and kept for evaluation.